Лексичні та синтактико-стилістичні зміни в сучасній англійській мові: вплив комп’ютерних технологій

sneaker /n./ An individual hired to break into places in order to test their security; analogous to tiger team. Compare samurai

= T =

T /T/ 1. [from LISP terminology for `true'] Yes. Used in reply to a question (particularly one asked using The `-P' convention). In LISP, the constant T means `true'. Some Lisp hackers use `T' and `NIL' instead of `Yes' and `No'.

2.A dialect of LISP developed at Yale.talk mode /n./ A feature supported by Unix, ITS, and some other OSes that allows two or more logged-in users to set up a real-time on-line conversation. It combines the immediacy of talking with all the precision and verbosity that written language entails.

talker system /n./ British hackerism for software that enables talk mode.

= U =

UN*X /n./ Used to refer to the Unix operating system (a trademark of AT&T) in writing.

Unix /yoo'niks/ /n./ (also `UNIX') An interactive time-sharing system invented in 1969 by Ken Thompson after Bell Labs left the Multics project, originally so he could play games on his PDP-7. Dennis Ritchie, the inventor of C, is considered a co-author of the system. Unix underwent mutations and expansions at the hands of many people, resulting in a uniquely flexible and developer-friendly environment. By 1991, Unix had become the most widely used multiuser general-purpose operating system in the world. Many people consider this the most important victory yet of hackerdom over industry opposition.

Both forms `UNIX' and `Unix' are common, and used interchangeably.

Unix brain damage /n./ Something that has to be done to break a network program (typically a mailer) on a non-Unix system so that it will interoperate with Unix systems. The hack may qualify as `Unix brain damage' if the program conforms to published standards and the Unix program does not. Unix weenie /n./ [ITS] 1. A derogatory play on `Unix wizard', common among hackers who use Unix by necessity but would prefer alternatives.

unixism /n./ A piece of code or a coding technique that depends on the protected multi-tasking environment with relatively low process-spawn overhead that exists on virtual-memory Unix systems.

= V =

VAX /vaks/ /n./ 1. [from Virtual Address eXtension] The most successful minicomputer design in industry history, possibly excepting its immediate ancestor, the PDP-11. Between its release in 1978 and its eclipse by killer micros after about 1986, the VAX was probably the hacker's favorite machine of them all. Esp. noted for its large, assembler-programmer-friendly instruction set -- an asset that became a liability after the RISC revolution.

VAXectomy /vak-sek't*-mee/ /n./ [by analogy with `vasectomy'] A VAX removal.

VAXen /vak'sn/ /n./ [from `oxen', perhaps influenced by `vixen'] (alt. `vaxen') The plural canonically used among hackers for the DEC VAX computers. "Our installation has four PDP-10s and twenty vaxen."

vgrep /vee'grep/ /v.,n./ Visual grep. The operation of finding patterns in a file optically rather than digitally (also called an `optical grep').

vi /V-I/, not /vi:/ and never /siks/ /n./ [from `Visual Interface'] A screen editor crufted together by Bill Joy for an early BSD release. Became the de facto standard Unix editor and a nearly undisputed hacker favorite outside of MIT until the rise of EMACS after about 1984.

voice /vt./ To phone someone, as opposed to emailing them or connecting in talk mode. "I'm busy now; I'll voice you later."

voice-net /n./ Hackish way of referring to the telephone system, analogizing it to a digital network. Usenet sig blocks not uncommonly include the sender's phone next to a "Voice:" or "Voice-Net:" header; common variants of this are "Voicenet" and "V-Net". Compare paper-net, snail-mail.

= W =

WAITS /wayts/ /n./ The mutant cousin of TOPS-10 used on a handful of systems at SAIL up to 1990. There was never an `official' expansion of WAITS (the name itself having been arrived at by a rather sideways process), but it was frequently glossed as `West-coast Alternative to ITS'. Though WAITS was less visible than ITS, there was frequent exchange of people and ideas between the two communities, and innovations pioneered at WAITS exerted enormous indirect influence.