Лексичні та синтактико-стилістичні зміни в сучасній англійській мові: вплив комп’ютерних технологій

Alternatives to verb doubling include suffixes ‘-o-rama’, ‘frenzy’, and ‘city’.

E.g.: «hack-o-rama!», «core dump frenzy!», «barf city!’

Finally, the American terms for «parenthesis», «brackets», and «braces» for (), [], and {} are uncommon. Commonwealth hackish prefers «brackets», «square brackets», and «curly brackets».

Hackers in Western Europe and (especially) Scandinavia report that they often use a mixture of English and their native languages for technical conversation. Occasionally they develop idioms in their English usage that are influenced by their native-language styles. Some of these are reported here.

2.2.6.Hacker Humour

A distinctive style of shared intellectual humor found among hackers has the following marked characteristics:

1. Fascination with form-vs.-content jokes, paradoxes, and humor having to do with confusion of. A metasyntactic variable is a variable in notation used to describe syntax, and meta-language is language used to describe language.

Metasyntactic variable is a name used in examples and understood to stand for whatever thing is under discussion, or any random member of a class of things under discussion. The word foo is the canonical example. To avoid confusion, hackers never use `foo' or other words like it as permanent names for anything. In filenames, a common convention is that any filename beginning with a metasyntactic-variable name is a scratch file that may be deleted at any time.

To some extent, the list of one's preferred metasyntactic variables is a cultural signature. They occur both in series and as singletons. Here are a few common signatures:

foo, bar, baz, quux, quuux, quuuux...:

Some jargon terms are also used as metasyntactic names; barf and mumble, for example.

2. Elaborate deadpan parodies of large intellectual constructs, such as standards documents, language descriptions (see Îøèáêà! Çàêëàäêà íå îïðåäåëåíà.), and even entire scientific theories, for instance, Îøèáêà! Çàêëàäêà íå îïðåäåëåíà., Îøèáêà! Çàêëàäêà íå îïðåäåëåíà.).

3. Fascination with puns and wordplay.

2.3. Pronunciation FeaturesPronunciation keys provided in the Glossary of Terms are not dictionary words pronounced as in standard. Slashes bracket phonetic pronunciations, which are to be interpreted using the following conventions:

1. Syllables are hyphen-separated, except that an accent or back-accent follows accented syllable (the back-accent marks a secondary accent in some words of four or more syllables). If no accent is given, the word is pronounced with equal accentuation on all syllables (this is common for abbreviations).

1.Consonants are pronounced as in standard English:

•`g' is always hard (as in "got" rather than "giant");

•terminal `r’ (as in «hard» or «more») may be pronounced or not depending on the local dialect

•`j' is the sound that occurs twice in "judge";

•`s' is always as in "pass", never a z sound;

•the diagraph `ch' is soft (as in "church" rather than "chemist");

•the digraph `kh' is the guttural of "loch" or "l'chaim";

•the digraph 'gh' is the aspirated g+h of "bughouse" or "ragheap" (this case is rare in English).