Лексичні та синтактико-стилістичні зміни в сучасній англійській мові: вплив комп’ютерних технологій

OS /O-S/

1. [Operating System] /n./ An abbreviation heavily used in email, occasionally in speech.

= P =

P-mail /n./ Physical mail, as opposed to email.

Syn. snail-mail, but less common.

Pascal /n./ An Algol-descended language designed by Niklaus Wirth on the CDC 6600 around 1967--68 as an instructional tool for elementary programming.

The hackish point of view on Pascal was probably best summed up by a devastating 1981 paper by Brian Kernighan (of K&R fame) entitled "Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language", which was turned down by the technical journals but circulated widely through photocopies.

= S =

samurai /n./ A hacker who hires out for legal cracking.

sitename /si:t'naym/ /n./ [Unix/Internet] The unique electronic name of a computer system, used to identify it in UUCP mail, Usenet, or other forms of electronic information interchange. The folklore interest of sitenames stems from the creativity and humor they often display.

sneaker /n./ An individual hired to break into places in order to test their security; analogous to tiger team. Compare samurai

= T =

T /T/ 1. [from LISP terminology for `true'] Yes. Used in reply to a question (particularly one asked using The `-P' convention). In LISP, the constant T means `true'. Some Lisp hackers use `T' and `NIL' instead of `Yes' and `No'.

2.A dialect of LISP developed at Yale.

talk mode /n./ A feature supported by Unix, ITS, and some other OSes that allows two or more logged-in users to set up a real-time on-line conversation. It combines the immediacy of talking with all the precision and verbosity that written language entails.

talker system /n./ British hackerism for software that enables talk mode.

= U =

UN*X /n./ Used to refer to the Unix operating system (a trademark of AT&T) in writing.

Unix /yoo'niks/ /n./ (also `UNIX') An interactive time-sharing system invented in 1969 by Ken Thompson after Bell Labs left the Multics project, originally so he could play games on his PDP-7. Dennis Ritchie, the inventor of C, is considered a co-author of the system. Unix underwent mutations and expansions at the hands of many people, resulting in a uniquely flexible and developer-friendly environment. By 1991, Unix had become the most widely used multiuser general-purpose operating system in the world. Many people consider this the most important victory yet of hackerdom over industry opposition.

Both forms `UNIX' and `Unix' are common, and used interchangeably.

Unix brain damage /n./ Something that has to be done to break a network program (typically a mailer) on a non-Unix system so that it will interoperate with Unix systems. The hack may qualify as `Unix brain damage' if the program conforms to published standards and the Unix program does not. Unix weenie /n./ [ITS] 1. A derogatory play on `Unix wizard', common among hackers who use Unix by necessity but would prefer alternatives.

unixism /n./ A piece of code or a coding technique that depends on the protected multi-tasking environment with relatively low process-spawn overhead that exists on virtual-memory Unix systems.