30 тем по англійській мові

Our civilisation has gone so far in its development and polluted the environment to such an extend that is very difficult to reverse it to primordial nature. The poisoning of the World’s land, air and water in the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation.

Great Britain, as a highly developed industrial country also faces a monumental task in the restoring urban and rural environments. The ecological problems of Great Britain are of the same global scale.

Pollution is one of the most urgent problems to solve. Factories, power station and motor vehicles, pump large quantities of waste gases into the air. This is major cause of the greenhouse effect and global warming. Rivers and streams are also polluted by industrial waste from factories, chemical fertilisers and pesticides used by farmers. Since 1949 Britons have destroyed 95% of wild meadows, heats, fens and ancient woods. The trees are cut down to wood or burnt to dear the land for farming.

The British government has worked out the practical plan of action. The main items of the survival projects in Britain are:

a)overcoming the problem of air and water pollution;

b)protection of special nature sites;

c)conservation of the wildlife;

d)Control on the use of pesticides and nitrate fertilisers.

Besides the official there are many public international and local organisations which try to find solution to the problems at national and international levels such as: “Greenpeace”, “Friends of the Earth”.

So the Britons are the optimists. They are sure that people start pollution, people can stop it. Let it be so.

*Environmental protection in Ukraine

Our civilisation has gone so far in its development and polluted the environment to such an extend that it is very difficult to reverse it to primordial nature that is why the topic of environmental protection is very actual facing Ukraine today.

Ukraine is suffering many environmental problems. Many of them have been caused by economic activities. There are many consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is water pollution. The Dnipro and others rivers are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial waste, all kinds of chemical elements and pesticides. Industrial enterprises of large cities waste harmful substances into river and sea’s waters. The emissions destroy fishing industry and lead to a damage of wildlife.

Another problem is air pollution. For example, pumping waste gases from a power station or metallurgical plants do not get rid of them. The waste gases cause acid rains.

The next ecological problem is the problem of the Sea of Azov. The Sea of Azov is the special case. Because it is such a small sea, it becomes dirty very easily. Many industrial centres such as Mariupol, Berdyansk pour into the sea all kinds of chemicals. It naturally effects the state of the sea water and the shore line flora and fauna.

But the most terrible ecological problem of Ukraine is Chernobyl. The effect of Chernobyl disaster is dangerous and tragic, because we don’t know up to the end all the consequences of radioactive contamination.

Ukraine, as the member of World Community, is co-operating with international ecological organisation such as “Greenpease” for example.

As you see our country has many ecological problems and if our generation don’t do our best to solve these ecological problems we will have a global ecological catastrophe.*From the history of Great Britain: the Magma Carta

Great Britain is a monarchy, but the power of the King or Queen is limited. The supreme authority of the country is Parliament, which consists of three etements-the Monarchy, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The history of the British Parliament dates back to the 13th century, when in the face of demands by barons King John signed the Magna Carta (Great Charter). It secured feudal rights and established areas over which the King had no jurisdiction

Even before William the Conqueror's invasion in 1066, the Saxon and Danish kings had a council of wise men or elders. It was then called Witan, from it we have the English word «wit». This body of men was very much like the feudal King's Council. The Norman kings called their council Parliament from the French word «parler» which means «to speak». After the death of Richard the Lion Hearted in 1199, his brother known in the history as John Lackland (landless) succeeded to the throne. King John was cruel and despotic, and the Church and barons took a decision to restrict the power of the King. On June 10, 1215 (it was in the times of Robin Hood) a table was set in the meadow, and King John signed the document in which he agreed to consult the Parliament from that time on.