Odessa

Odessa

My native city is Odessa. Odessa, a seaport and administrative center of Odessa region, is situated in the south-western part of Ukraine. It stands on a shallow indentation of the Black Sea coast at a point approximately 19 mile’s (31 km.) north of the Dniester River estuary and about 275 miles (443 km.) south of Kiev. Although a settlement existed 6n the site in ancient times, the history of the modern city began in the 14th century when the Tartar fortress of Kha-dzhybey was established there; it later passed to Rich Pospolyta and in 1764 to Turkey. The fortress was stormed by the Russians in 1789 and ceded to Russia in 1791. A new fortress was built in 1792—93, and in 1794 a naval base and commercial quay were added. In 1795 the new port was named Odessa for the ancient Greek colony of Odesos, the site of which was believed to be in the vicinity.

During the 19th century Odesa's growth was rapid, especially after the coming of railways in 1866. Odesa became the country's second most important port after St. Petersburg; grain was its principal export. The city was one of the chief centers of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and was the scene of the mutiny on the battleship «Potyomkin». Serhiy Eisenstein's film «Potyomkin» was made in 1925.

Odesa suffered heavy damage in World War II during its prolonged and unsuccessful defense against German and Rumanian forces.

The city remains a major port, the largest in Ukraine, with well-equipped docks and ship-repair yards. After 1857 a new outport was built at Illichevsk, 12 miles (20 km.) to the south. Odesa is the base of a fishing fleet. The seashore south of the harbour is a popular resort area, with numerous sanatorium? and holiday camps.

Odessa is also a large industrial centre, with a wide range of engineering industries, including the production of machine tools, cranes and plows. The chemical industry makes fertilizers, paints, dyes, and other materials. Odessa also has an oil-refinery plant and a large jute mill, a number of consumer goods and food-processing factories. Most factories lie north of the port along the waterfront, and new plants are on the western outskirts.

Odessa is also an important cultural and educational centre. It has a university, founded in 1865, and numerous other institutions of higher education. Its many research establishments are headed by the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases. There are a number of museums and theatres, including Opera and Ballet Theatre, built in 1809. The city population is nearly 1,100,700 people.

Personally I like my city greatly and will always be proud of it. There are a lot of roads in our glorious Ukraine. One of them will always lead me to Odessa, my native city.

Vocabulary

shallow — мелкий

indentation — извилина, углубление берега

estuary — устье реки

to cede — передавать, сдавать, уступать

quay — причал, набережная

in the vicinity — поблизости

mutiny — мятеж, восстание

yard — верфь

oil-refinery — нефтеперерабатывающий

waterfront — берег, район порта, порт

outskirts — окраина

Одесса

Мой родной город — Одесса. Одесса, морской порт и административный центр Одесской области, находится на юго-востоке Украины. Одесса расположена в мелкой извилине на побережье Черного моря в приблизительно в 19 милях (31 км.) к северу от устья реки Днестр и в около 275 миль (443 км.) к югу от Киева. Хотя на этом месте в древние времена располагалось поселение, история современного города началась в 14-ом столетии, когда здесь была основана татарская крепость Хаджибеи; позже город перешел к Речи Посполитой, ав 1764 г. — кТурции. В1789 г. русские штурмовали крепость, и в 1791 г. она отошла к России. В 1792—93 гг. была построена новая крепость, ав 1794 году были достроены морская базаи торговый причал. В1795 г. новый порт был назван Одесса по имени греческой колонии Одессос, которая, как считалось, находилась поблизости.