Substance abuse: Alcohol Consumption and alcohol dependence among the youth

Currently there are three different theories to explain alcoholism:

* Genetic Theory defines alcoholism as the result of a predisposed reaction to alcohol due to chromosomes, genes or hormonal deficiencies.

* Psychological Theory defines alcoholism as a condition that exists in which people have a preset disposition or personality that sets off a reaction to alcohol.

* Sociological Theory defines alcoholism as a learned response and believes that addiction is a result of the influences of society.

Whatever definition or theory is used, it is known that alcoholism is a progressive illness that can be treated. Each alcoholic has a different drinking pattern, but the one thing all alcoholics have in common is an uncontrollable drinking habit.

What are the symptoms?

Alcohol dependence takes many forms, including intermittent drinking, continuous drinking, and binge drinking. Many alcoholics become able to drink ever larger quantities of alcohol before feeling or appearing drunk.

Alcohol users commonly medicate themselves with alcohol, using it, often daily, to help them relax, as a confidence booster, or in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Behavioural symptoms of people who are dependent on alcohol may include:

Trying to hide evidence of drinking

Promising to give up drinking

Drinking stronger alcoholic beverages or starting to drink earlier in the day

Having long periods of intoxication

Drinking alone

Problems at work

Missing work

Blacking out

Loss of interest in food

Mood changes (anger, irritability, violent outbursts)

Personality changes (jealousy, paranoia)

Repeatedly driving under the influence

Injuring self or others while intoxicated

Carelessness about appearance

Slower thought processes, lack of concentration, confusion, trouble remembering things

Financial problems caused by drinking.